Data and statistics

Number of critical mineral startups, 2021-2024

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Share of top refining country for 20 energy-related minerals

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Annual average demand and supply growth, 2021-2024

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Change in refined copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earths production by country, 2020-2024

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Monthly price volatility for selected minerals and fossil fuels, January 2014-March 2025

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Expected mine supply from existing and announced projects and primary supply requirements for lithium, 2035

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Expected mine supply from existing and announced projects and primary supply requirements for graphite, 2035

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Geographical distribution of refined material production for key minerals in the base case

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N-1 mineral requirements and N-1 refined mineral supply for lithium in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2035

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N-1 mineral requirements and N-1 refined mineral supply for nickel in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2035

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N-1 mineral requirements and N-1 refined mineral supply for cobalt in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2035

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N-1 mineral requirements and N-1 refined mineral supply for rare earths in the Stated Policies Scenario, 2035

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